Although the jury is still out, several studies indicate that web surveys produce response rates comparable with, if not better than, traditional paper surveys and telephone interviews. For example, in their paper "From Mail to Web: Improving Response Rates and Data Collection Efficiencies," Scott Crawford and others conducted a web survey among university students on the topic of student drug and alcohol use. Two randomly selected samples were assigned to complete either a web survey or a mail (paper) survey. The response rate for the web mode was 20 percent higher than for the mail mode. The overall costs for each mode showed that the web data collection mode is more efficient than the paper mode when used with an established technology infrastructure.