Performance measurement and accountability have long served as watchwords for government reformers across the political spectrum. More than two decades ago, David Osborne and Ted Gaebler published Reinventing Government, a bestselling manifesto for more responsive, “mission-driven” and “results-oriented” government. In 1993, Vice President Gore’s “National Performance Review” issued its blueprint for a government that “works better, costs less, and gets results Americans care about.” That same year, the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA), which required federal agencies to engage in strategic planning, performance measurement, and performance reporting, sailed through both houses of Congress and became law.